Improvement in electro-phonetic telegraphs



4 Sheds-Sheet 2.

B .E.HOUSE. ELECTED PHONETIG TELEGRAPH.

Patent-ed June 27,1865.

a wae i Na cuuPANy.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

ROYAL E. HOUSE, OF BIN GHA MTON, NEW YORK.

IMPROVEMENT IN ELECTRO-PHONETIC TELEGRAPHS.

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 48,408, dated June 27, 1865.

To all whom. "it may concern:

'Beit known thatI, ROYAL E.HoUsE,ofBiughamton, New Y0rk,have invented certainnew and useful Improvements in Electro-Telegraphio Apparatus; and I do hereby declare that the following, taken inconnection with the drawings, is a full, clear, and exact description thereof.

In the drawings, which are on three sheets, Figure 1 represents a line of insulated electric conductors connected with apparatus for making signals according to the principles of my invention, and exhibiting one method of using my invention practically. Fig. 2 represents a telegraphic desk and its appendages constructed according to the principles of m y invention. Fig. 3. is an elevation on ascale of one-half of theelectrical adjuster and helixteste'r and their accessories. Fig. 4 is an elevation of a needle and adjacent parts, full size.

Figs. 5 and Yale an elevation and plan of the index and dial of the torsion apparatus, and of the contrivances for moving it and the electricaladjuster'. Fig. 6 is an end view of a helix and case, with the end of the ease and insulating-glass'removed. Fig. 8 is a section through a helix and case and through a sounding apparatus on the red line of Fig. 2. Fig. Q-is a section of part of a helix, taken on the line of its axis; and Fig. 10 exhibits two views of a needle and'knife-edge.

. The feature of my present invention may be divided into live heads or grand divisions, and are, first, a new method of employing an electric current, passing along what is generally termed a line, for the purpose or making signals, such method consisting in connecting the helices of a telegra 'ihic signalizer or recorder with the main line by means of branch conducting-wires, in combination with electric adjusters, whereby a portion of the electric currentniay be passed directly along the line without entering the helix, and the remainder may be passed through the helix, the portion passing in either direction being adjustable ac- 'cording.to the will of the operator, this part of the invention being applicable to all electric signalizers whose signals are produced by mo 1 tion of the parts; second, a new telegraphic,

signalizer, in my opinion capable of being operated with inore feeble currents than those heretofore known, .parts of which maybe used in connection with other descriptions-cf signalizers; third, a combination of an apparatus forindicatin g the comparative force ofa spring with the reacting-spring of a telegraphic signalizer whose signals are produced by motion, whereby a comparison may be made between the amounts of leakage. existing at any one station at different times, and which combination, when used at several stations, will iudi-. cate between what stations any excessive leakage is taking place; fourth, a combination of helices of difi'erent size at various stations along the same line, said helices being proportioned according to a law hereinafter set forth, whereby greater certainty in signalizing is attained, especially in bad weather, than when helices of the same size or helices varying only accidentally in size are employed at different stations on the same line; fifth, a combination of an electric adjuster and scale with the helix of a telegraphic signalizer, whereby the condition of the helix and. batteries may be tested by the operator.

By telegraphic signalizer I mean apparatus which makes sounds or marks, or both, by a motion of some of its parts, or gives signals by the varying position of a needle when electric currents passing through the apparatus are brokenand closed or changed in direction. By line I mean a line'of conductors capable of conveying an electric current such as is usu-- ally employed for telegraphic purposes from one telegraphic station to another. By leakage I mean thatloss of current which is owing to imperfect insulation of a line, and whiclris usually in greatest extent in wet weather in lines supported on poles, and constantor nearly so in submarine cables; and by electricadjuster" I' mean a contrivance by means of which the amount of current due to'the action of abattery of a certain size can be controlled in its passage along aline- -that is to say; that the whole amount of the current due to the action of the battery may be permitted to pass or only such portion thereof as may be expedient, such adjusters being instruments inserted in the line which will conduct greater or less 'amounts of electricity. in consequence of a variation of the position or condition-of their parts; and I wish it distinctly understood that the fact that greater force or power of react ing-springs in telegraphic sigualizers is required (other things being equal) when the leakages are great is well known to me, and

also thefact that a current ofelectricity passin g along a line and through helices will exert a less power in each and every helix when the number of helices on the same line are increased, and that this fact is specially evident when the helices are large or composed of fine wire, or have both these features. 5 1

I am also aware of the fact that the capacity of a line to pass quantities of electric current depends upon the size of the wire, (other things being equal,) and that the leakage of the line, which is constantly varying in wet windy weather, is almost entirely independent of the amount of currentpassing through it when the line is worked by the usual batteries. The amount of current which can be. passed along aline which does not include helices in the circuit, or which has few or no helices making,

partof the line, is therefore greater than that which can be passed over one which has helices or many helices in the circuit. A greater proportion of the whole currentmay therefore.

. be broken and closedat any one station and efl'ectiveness in signalizingsecured when the line is freed from helices or many of thehelices, or when the whole current is not forced topass through the variousstationrhelices, but is permitted to pass almost entirely along. the line.

I am also aware of the factthat callscan be made to the various stations with certainty when effective signalizingof messages is'difiicult or impossible.

My invention, based partly on a knowledge of thesefacts, has for its main objects, first, the successful working of telegraphs in bad weather, or whenleakageis excessive from any vibrating needle striking against a sounding apparatus, and I will describe, first, the helix and its accessories second, the needle and the means of supporting it; and, third, the soundmg apparatus.

The helix is best shown in 1 igs.6 and 8, and is what I call a compound helix, made up of sections, each placed adjacent to the other, and each section composed of two members. The sections are wound separately. 1 An end of insulated helix-wire is secured upon a mandrel,

by preference, of oval cross-section, and the mandrelis then revolved, the wire being wound layer over. layer between collars,andthe outer end being-left protruding, the windin'g beingj commenced at an a afiand .jending at 31 3 .1

When one member is wound one'of the-collars is slipped oif and a plate of glass or other proper insulating materialrw'it h ahole in it of about the same shape and size-as the periphery of the mandrel, is slipped on the mandrel over the end of wire and bearing against the completed member. Another end of wire is then attached, so as to form an electric connection to the firstend spokenof andthe mandrelis revolved in the opposite direction, the wire being wound layer upon layer till this second member is completed. The protruding end of the last-formed member is then the whole length of the section, measuring along its axis distant from the protrudingend of the firstformed member, ,Each. member is secured while being formed bythreads tied over the layers, as at a) 0;, Fig. 9,.and when the section is completed it may have a hoop of leather, indie-rubber, &c., Q, sewed or fastened around it.

I prefer to make the mandrel in sections, like a hat-block, so that it may be removed in pieces whena section is completed; and Ip'refer to make the sections of varying diameter,

as represented in the drawings, as I have discovered in the course of a multitude of experi- 'ments on helices used for the purpose of defleeting needles thatthe same amount of wire is more eifective whenwound into a helix whose diameterdecreasestoward the ends, and this isv true as well in helices of the usual construction as in thosemade upof sectionson'my plan. The glass plates between the members are represented at O O and the members at N N.

When asufiicient number of sections are formed theyare'to be placed in .a wooden case fitted inside with blocksorprojections so form ed as to hold allthe sections with their axial lines coincident. Afterone section is placed in position a plate of glass or other proper insulating material, P, with an aperture like that through the sections, is placed'againstit. The next section is then placed, then another plate P, and so on until the helix is built up. The protrudingendsofeach section are to be passed through the case and attached by soldering to the protruding ends of the next section on each side,and the outsidev protruding ends of the two end sections are those which are to be connected to the line.

In placing the sections next to each other care must be taken to locate them in such wise that a current of electricity passing along the wire from one end of thewhole' helix to the other end shall throughout its course revolve around the axis of the helix in the same direction.] v n n I prefer to make the sections of varying diameter, but they may be of equal diameter; and .I prefer to wind the two adjacent members of the two middle vsectionswith a larger axial aperture than the others, so as to give room for the nc'edle; but the apertures through the sections may be all of equal or of varying size.

A helix made up of sections" is not new,jand

. the distinguishing novel characteristics ofniine are, 'ii'rst, that the sections ;are' made of members, 'e'aclic'ohnect ed to the other'bn thela'yer of wire nearest the axis; second, that such membershave insulating-plates interposed be-, tween them; third, that the sections, each composed of twomembers, are packed up with insulating-platesinterposed fourth, that the sections' are connected to their neighbors by the outside layers of each; and; fifth, thetshapeof the helix diminishing in exterior diameter tobe made long enouglrto admit of the removal of one part of the helix from the other, and one part of the case M is to be attached to a post, pillar, or other proper support. I intend sometimes to use a helix composed of a single section and two members only.

Theneedleu maybeof any usualorpropereonstruction I prefer to make it about three i nches longand of thirty-four grains troy in .weight, ofvequal diameter throughout except at the ends, which are conical, of cast-steel wire, and

with use great a lifting magnetic power as possible. Iprefer tosuspend the needleby torsionwires, hairs or threads, or fibers d d, (No. 34 wire, iron or brass, about six feet long, serves a good purpose,) forked at one end, and with the forks secured to collars of dem agnetic metal, through which the needle can he slipped. The torsionwire extends both above and below the needle through proper apertures in the boxand he- --lix. The upper end is secured to a cog-wheel (see Fig. 2) and the lower end toa weight passin g through the axis of a cog-wheel'andforced to revolve withitby pins attached to the weight and the wheel, the connection being such thatthe weight may rise and fall as it revolves, so as to compensate for the varying length of'the wire when more or less twisted. By turning these wheels, which are mounted upon'movable supports, so as to bringth'e wire, and consequently the needle, to its proper position in the helix, either or both ends of the torsionwire maybe twisted or untwisted, and I call a torsion-wire so supported that it may be twisted and'untwisted an adjustable torsion suspensory apparatus.

1 Any proper means for supportin' g andtwisting the torsion-wire may be employed; but I prefer cogs, andalso prefcr'to engage the cogs by means of intermediate gearing with other cogs mounted'on a shaft, 12', and to connect this latter shaft by means of miter-gearing witha shaft, 3;, Figs. 2 and 7 and to connect the latten shaft by gearing (cogs w and w, Fig. 7) with a shaft, u, Fig"; 7 ,which has attached to its end.

an index and crank hand, 9, Figs. 2, 5, and'7,

working in front of a dial, 0. The purpose of the whole arrangement is .to twist both ends of sion, andto reg-isterthe amount of torsion, and consequently of reacting force, the gearing being such that the index-hand makes one turn for each turn of the torsion-wires.

Upon the shaft 31 "is secured a tape line, a,

the torsion-wire at once..thus adjusting the tor-' which rolls up and uurolls as the shaft revolves. This line is graduated, and inspection of the amount or length unrolled will show the amount of turnsgiven to the torsion-wire, while inspection of the index-hand will show the parts of a turn. Other arrangements of gearing, or bands and pulleys, and other registering apparatus, may be substituted for those shown'and described, so long as both wires can be twisted and the amount of torsion or twist determined by inspection.

Theexte'nsion of the torsion-wire both above and below the needle is important in preventing tremulous motion, and this motion may be further prevented by causing a'knife-edge, S, Fig. 10, to bear lightly against the center of the needle. This edge may be supported by a demaguetic or non-conducting support from the helix or the helix-case, or the hell or gong upon the rod S. I prefer to attach the rod to the gong, as I find by actual trial that the sound of the clicking of the needle isthereby intensified.

Outside of the helix is securedna gong or hell, T. To this hell are secured the limiters and sounders S S, made of demagnetic metal, which pass through the aperture of the helix without touching the helix, and serve the douhis purpose of limiting the motion of the needle, which strikes against their ends as it vibrates, and transferring the shock of the needle'against them to the bell; and by reference to Fig. 8 it will be perceived that these limiters lie both on one side of the needle, while the knife-edge (which is supported in am eye'iu the support S through which the nee.- dle passes) is on the other side. The needle, as it oscillates, therefore strikes withone side against a limiter, while its other side rests against the knife-edge. This arrangement prevents tremulous motion of the needle.

The hell I prefer to make spherical or parabolic, and with one or more apertures init, as experiments prove that the sound is intensified when they are used. This bell is made of metal, hard, thin, and sonorous, or of other proper material, and has soldered to it a concentratingcone of sheet-brass or other proper material, V, open at the apex K, where the ear is to be placed; and I have found that the effect is .better when this-cone is surrounded by an outer cone, W, attached to the helix- -.case or other proper support, and that the best way of supporting the whole sounding apparatus is to attach the outer cone to the case, the inner-cone to the outer one by wires or metal rods at the apex of both, and the bell and limiters to the base of the inner cone or concentrator, all as shown in Fig. 8.

- It is in practice sometimes desirable to prevent too long'a continuance of the vibrations of the bell, and I have tied thread from the ends of the limiters to the case of the helix insuch' wise as to prevent sidewise vibrations of the limiters, and have made small cushions of .chamois-skin or cloth to bear against the bell with-good effect. in limiting the continuance of 'in use.

vibrations. Whencurrentsofelectricitypassing through the helix are broken and closed .or changed in direction? the needle will viatorplaced at the apex of the cones, and by 7 means of such sounds messages may be communicated as in the present way of nsin g what.

is com monl y called the 4 Morse telegraphic sig nalizer or Morse instrument.

When signalizers like the one described or like those now in use are placed in a line'connected thereto, either on the plan now used or on my new plan, presently to be described, the power or forceof the reactin g-sprin g or torsionwire must be increased as the leakages increase,and in my signalizer the torsion of the wire causes theneedle to react as the spring causes the armature to rea-ctin signalizersnow I mean, therefore, to conibine a registering apparatus substantially such as is described hereinbefore,not only with my new sig- 'nalizer, but with those now in use, whereby the proportionate force of the reacting-spring or torsion may be known at all times, the combination in the one case being really the same as in the other. If the indications of the registers of the reacting force on the various sig nalizers of a. line be compared when a line is working well and the indications noted, then a comparison of the indications when there is excessive leakage will show between what stations the leakage is excessive, as the register's at each end of the section of line where leakage is excessive will indicate greater differences than they would if the leakage in such sections bore only its proper proportionto the leakage of the whole line.

A superintendent can therefore, by the use of these registers, di-

. .rect what part or section of a whole line needs examination and putting in order.

My new plan of connectin g mynew helices and signalizers or other signalizers or helices with a line is bestshownin Figs. 1 ahd 3. By references to these it will be perceived that the main-line A A A extends to a commutator or key, D, ateach station, which is the vkeythat is operated to send messages. This key D is located in the main line at a point between the next station and the point of attachment of the branch wire to that line, so that the currents passing through both the main and the branch lines may be broken by it. The main line extends from the key D- to an electrical adjuster, F, thence to the next station, and it will be perceived that the helices are connected to the main line by branch wires A A, each but in electrical connection with the main line, on opposite sides of the adjuster; hence, if the adjusters were non-c0nductors, the whole electric current would pass through the helices. as is now the practice; but, in accordance with assertions heretofore made, I find it highly desirable that only so much of the whole current'should pass through the helices as isneccssary to give indications. I thereforeinter- ,pose adjusters between theendfs of the lineal;

each station,and by their use permit the whole current to pass along the main line, excepting only such an amount thereof as is necessary to cause the helix either to makea magnet or deflect a needle, which amount flows-along the branch lines'A A. i I

. The electric adjuster which Ipreferto use is best exhibited in Fig.3. It consistsot two tubes of glass, at a ,,with their upper ends enlarged, so as to permit the free introduction of water, supported at their lower ends 1n faucets 'd d, and with their upper ends extending through holes in a shelf attached to a board, 70 k. These faucets are to draw off water when it becomes foul, and ,theyextnd up inside of the tubes and have their upper endsformed like the counterpart of a wedge, as at m m The faucets are supported in awooden shelf by nuts f f so that they may be adjusted in height, so that both ends I l? of a staple-shaped wire may be brought to bear at the same time in the cavities m m The twoends of theline are to be connected to these two faucets, as at g g, and as they are of metal the two ends of the main line will be at m m, and the branch lines are to be attached to themain line at some point near the ends, as at g 9 Fig. 1. To a rack, r, fitted in proper guides, I attach a staple-shaped piece of wire, whose endsl I" reach down into the tubes. These ends are wed ge-shaped, and in order to insure their-fitting into the cavitiesm'v m, I bend the wires so as to touch the bore of thetubes. When in use the tubes are to be filled with water or When the ends of the form its work, and the rest of the current will,

pass through the staple and-water from m to an directly along the main line.- The same etfectwould be produced if the staple were d1- rectly attached at one end to the main line and only one tube were used; butI prefer-two tubes and a staple separated ateach end from the line; but in either form of the apparatus J the ends of a severed main line are caused itoapproach and recede from each other, whif/e a water-connection is kept up between them,and the amount of current forced to pass through the helix will depend upon the distance that the ends are apart. When signals are-to be received at a station the ends I l are to be brought Jdownward till the signalizer works practically. After the message is received the midst Z are to be lifted so. that only enough current passes through the'lielix-to insure its sounding a call or the same objects may be attained by adjusting the ends 1- P in the proper position for sounding acalland thenlsecuring them that positionfthrowing the rack out of gear. Then, when. a call is sounded and a messageis to be received, the main circuit is to be broken by the key i Fig.1, sotbat the .whole of the current will then pass through the helix until the message is finished. This method of working is valuable when the whole cnlrrent is required to sound a message proper y.

It is hardly necessary to say that the tubes may be vertical, inclined, or horizontal, if furnished with stoning-boxes, and that the fancets might be moved toward the wire instead of the wire toward the faucets.

For convenience of working 1 engage the rack with a cog-wheel, n, upon the shaft u.

This wheel is loose upon the shaft, upon which is mounted a drum, y, also loose upon the shaft, having attached to its ends (see Fig. 7) disks a A disk,a: is attached to the wheel a, and a disk, y, to the wheel w, and rings of cloth, leather, &c., a a, are interposed between the disks. A nut, b upon the shaft serves to cause the disks to bear upon the interposed rings in such wise that a rotation of, the drum will revolve the cogs n and u by friction. The drum is revolved by a weight, at, and a trea'dle,

72*, Fig. 2, attached tothe ends 0 c of a cord wound round the drum.

Thetreadleis provided with adjustable stops gh ,'and the rack 7" has adjustable stops .1) w secured to it, which strike against a fixed stop, Q7. By the use of these stops the-treadle may be confined to increasing and diminishing the torsion within certain limits, and the range of motion of the staple maybe limited, and in consequence of the friction-connections the staple may be moved without affecting the torsion, or the torsionmay be adjusted without aii'ecting the position of the staples.

In all ordinary working of the contrivance the torsion should be diminished as the. ends of the line Z m I m approach each other, and practice willsoon enable an experienced operator to adjust the parts in such way that a depressing of the treadle will put. all parts in proper position for reception of messages, and

the letting it rise again will make the proper disposition necessary forcalling only; but such adjustment must be changed from time to time, as the exigencies of working demand.

The rack is attached to the staple by a setscrew, so that the relative'positious of the two may be varied, and also has an index upon it, which works over a scale, so that the position of the staple, and consequently the. distance between the ends of the line, may be seen at anytime, even when the water is discolored.

Having thus described the electric adjuster and the method of working the same which I prefer to use, I wish it distinctly understood that my invention, in so far as it relates to my new method of connecting helices with a line,

does not depend upon, the use of any special;

kind of electrical adjuster, but that I intend to insert in place of theelectrical adjuster'described other. electrical adj u'sters, such as are now in useordescribed in publications, so long as such adjusters are-inserted between branch wires leading from the line to a helixin such manner, substantially as described, that such a'proportion of the whole amount of current passing over the line as may be desired may .3, to a bent-wire, n ending at b ina tube, at",

provided with a faucet, d, and this faucet is to be in electrical connection with one of the ends of the main line, as at 9 Fig. 3. This bent wirehas upon it an index, 0, working over a scale, '1), and may be moved up and 'down and secured in place by a set-screw, g. In the ordinary working of the line the wedge'b is to .rest in the cavity m and the helix-wire will be directly connected with the main line.

When it is desired to test whether a helix has been injured by atmospheric electricity or otherwise, the current through the main line is to be broken entirely, either by the use of the key 1 Fig. 1, which maybe connected with the treadle, or in some other proper way; The helix-wire n is then to be' lifted, carrying its end b away from its end m and these ends are to be separated until the helix has noeffect upon the needle or magnet, whichever may beused. If the degree of separation is less at that time than when the same test was made with helix and batteries known to be in good order, then theoperator may besure that either his helix or the batteries are defective. A message sent by him to the extremities of the line, as at B U B C, Fig. 1, will cause the batteries to be examined and, if necessary, tested, and,if they are reported back as in order, the operator may be sure that his helix is defective.

The adjusters, commutator, helix-case, and cone of sounding apparatus, torsion apparatus, and register may be all arranged with" referenceto each other and a'desk as shown in Fig. 2, under which arrangement the receiver can sit with his car at the apex of the coneand en gross the message as dictated to him by the sign'alizer, and at the same time see his registers and control his torsion apparatus and his adjuster.

I intend to apply protectors, as usualfat G G, Fig. 1, at each side of each station, consisting of a plate in electrical connection with the line and separated from plates having 'a' good ground-connectiouH I, by thin sheets of pa per. Such protec ors will conduct and heavy charges of atmospheric electricity, but may not free the lines from lighter charges which would be injurious. I therefore cut out a short piece of the ordinary line-wire and insert in its place a piece of fine or helix wire between the ordinary protector and the helix. This fine wire is to be covered with insulating-coi-ering, and around and outside of the covering fine wire is to be wound and connected to the groundconnection; or, in lieu of this, grooved plates connected with the ground are to be clamped uponthe insnlatin g-coverin g. I This latter arrangement is represented on sheetfirst where the fine-wire part of. the line extends from (X 15y reference to Sheet 1, where the extremities of the line are represented at G O and the batteries at B B, it will be perceived that the helices at the extremities of theline are larger than that at the center, and that the intermediate helices are of a size-between the two. I have discovered as a fact that when helices of a certain size will do the workat the extremishould-be represented by 5 and the helices half-way between the middle and either extremity should be represented by 7%, and in thisproportion for the helices of all stations intermediate between the extremities, providing the leakage along the line is'pretty nearly equal for equal distances, as is usually the diameter insulated from each other, as de case, the lawof the size of allthe helices on any one line being that they should be in proportion to the leakage of theline between the helix and the most distant extremity of the line, or nearly so. If helices substantially in this proportion to each other are employed,

. better results can be obtained than when all helix, and auadjustable torsionsuspensionapparatus extending both above and below the needle, the combination being substan tially such as described.

2. In combination with a magnetized needle suspended bya torsion wire or thread,

limiters for limiting its motion,and which give sounds when struck by the needle, the combination being substantially such as described, and in combination with these a gong or hell, substantially suchasspecified.

3. In combination with a torsion, suspended magnetized needle, a knife-edge applied to the:

needle and acting substantially as set forth, and also, in combination with amagnetized needle, a knife-edge and limiters arranged with referencato the needle substantially as described. i

4. A suspension torsion apparatusconsisting of wires or threads attached to collars or rings, as described, in. combination with amagnetized needle supported in l the collars,'substantially as described, and also a magnetized *needlein combination with a torsion "suspensory apparatusb'oth ends of which can be adjusted,'as set forth, and also a magnetized needle in. combination with, a torsion; suspension apparatus both ends of which can be adjusted at once byreason of being geared together,

both these combinations bein g substantially as set forth, and also, in combination with a magnetized needle, an adjustabletorsiou suspensory apparatus extending both above and below 'theneedle and having one thread or wire attached 1 to a weight, substantiallyas described, so as to compensate for the varying length of the wire. v

I 5. Amagnetized needle,in combination with limiters, and a gong or bell and conc'entrah ing-cone, and, in combination with these, an outer cone, all tliese partsbein g substantially such asset forth, and also a sounding apparatns consistin g of a bell and a truncated concentratin g-cone arran ged with reference to each other as described, and, in combination with suchan'apparatus, an outer concentrating-cone arranged with reference to abell and interior cone as described.

6. Sections ofa helix composcd'of members connected toand insnlatedfrom'each other,

substantially as set forth.

7. A helix made: up of. sections of varying scribed.. V i w 8. Ahelix'made up of sections connected to and insulated fromaeach other, as set forth.

. 9. A helix m'adeup of sections composed of members, where both the members and the sections are connected to and insulated from each other, substantially as set-forth..

' 10. A helix made of dec'reasmgarea to the *ends, as described,'and also a divided helix, or

helix made in two parts, so that one part may readily be moved away from theiother, and also a divided helix lin-v combination with a divided case," all'substantially as specified.

.11. Apparatus, substantially such as -is described, for registering the power or force of reaction, in combination with a: telegraph-line and a signalizer, whereby thelocality of excessive leakagemay be determined, as described. i

i 12. A helix making part of a signalizcr, in combinationwith branch lines and ends of a main line capable of being advanced toward and drawn'away from each other, the combinationbeingas described.

13. A helix making partof a signalizer, in combinationwith branch lines and ends of a main line capable of being operated as 'de scribed, and with tubes containingliquid, as described," whereby varying amounts of electricitymay be caused to pass through a helix,- substantially in-the manner and for the purposes specified.

14. In combination, a helix making part of a signalizer, branch an electric adjuster located between the points where the branch wires are connected to the main wire, and a key or circuit-breaker, also located between the points where the branch wires are connected to the main line, and operating, when open, to send the whole current through the helix.

15. A helix making part of a signalizer and united to a main line by branchlines or wires, substantially as described, in combination with an electric adjuster in connection with or making part of a main line, and located be tween the points where the branch lines are connected with the main line, as described, whereby the relative proportions of electricity passing through the adjuster and the helix may be governed and regulated as described.

16. A helix of a signalizer, in combination with a line by means of a tube and adjustable severed wire, as described, when the wire is provided with a register or index, as set forth, whereby the condition of a helix or of the batteries that work the line may be tested in' the manner specified.

17. An apparatus, substantially such as is described, whereby the apparatus. for adjusting torsion and the apparatus for adjusting the relativeposit-ion of the ends of a mainline may lines or conducting-wire,

be put in operation at the same time, substantially as set forth.

18. In combination with a line, a series of helices difi'erin g in size at each station thereof, and proportion each to the other in proportion to the length of line between each helix and the most distant extremity thereof, the combination being substantially as set forth.

19. The new telegraphic signalizer herein described, composed of a helix, a torsion, suspended magnetized needle, limiters, and a bell and concentrating apparatus, all substantially such as hereinbefore specified.

20. In combination with a helix making part 7 

